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There are so many other things that can affect someone's performance though. Family problems, low morale at work, health problems, etc. So someone passes a drug test and then what? You have to discuss personal issues with your employer?
Excellent point, I can not count the number of times employees have come to work distracted or having to take calls due to family issues, closing on a house, worrying about a child away at school or in the military, even a pending break up. The list goes on. Employers usually are tolerant when it is a significant issue and a proven employee. For the others, the tell them to knock it off.
Most companies are supportive and provide personal days to tie up loose ends or understand one will have an isolated day of distraction. That is the usual case for a proven employee. With anything, substances or emotional or physical issues, it comes down to job performance and if it affects the bottom line................Many times companies will band together and share sick leave for a longtime/hard working employee suddenly affected by cancer or some such tragedy. They pull together and help the employee and family through missed days for chemo and hopefully recovery.
A lot of issues affecting job performance are handled on an individual basis. Some situations are isolated and rare, and a lot is based on one's job history and past performance. Employers want to keep good employees. It is good for business................Descretion, along w/ a 1:1 approach is sometimes a good way to keep productive employees vs calling everyone out for a random drug test. It becomes a morale issue. It also becomes expensive.
Again, if I was talking air traffic controllers, it would be different, that is public safety for millions of people. Drivers, even those driving for daycares or senior centers have to pass a drug test. It makes sense for some for certain jobs.